Acetonitrile yog dab tsi?
Acetonitrile yog ib qho organic compound nrog cov tshuaj formula CH3CN. Nws yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas yog soluble hauv dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Acetonitrile yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hnyav siv hauv kev tsim tshuaj, fibers, yas, thiab electroplating.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile muaj ntau yam khoom ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam kev lag luam. Cov khoom ntawm acetonitrile muaj xws li:
Molecular Luj: 41.05 g / mol
- Kub taw tes: 82.6 degree
- Melting point: -45 degree
- Ceev: 786 kg / m3
- Solubility: soluble hauv dej, ethanol, ether, benzene, thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic
- Cov ntxhiab tsw: me ntsis qab zib, tab sis nrog pungent, musty tsw
Acetonitrile Ua li cas?
Acetonitrile yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetone thiab hydrogen cyanide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst, xws li ib tug hlau cyanide los yog ib tug hlau oxide. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua Andrussow txheej txheem thiab yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los tsim acetonitrile ntawm kev lag luam.
Kev siv Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile muaj ntau yam kev lag luam siv vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qee qhov kev siv acetonitrile suav nrog:
1. Solvent nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
Acetonitrile feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho polar aprotic hnyav uas tuaj yeem yaj ntau yam ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic tebchaw.
2. Extraction Solvent
Acetonitrile yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj extraction nyob rau hauv kev sib cais thiab purification ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm fatty acids, steroids, thiab alkaloids.
3. Cov tshuaj electroplating
Acetonitrile yog siv los ua cov tshuaj electroplating hauv plating ntawm cov xim hlau txheej ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau nyob rau hauv deposition ntawm noble hlau xws li platinum thiab kub.
4. Kev lag luam Polymer
Acetonitrile yog siv los ua ib qho hnyav hauv kev tsim cov hluavtaws fibers xws li acrylics thiab modacrylics. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov yas xws li polyacrylonitrile thiab styrene-acrylonitrile.
5. Gas Chromatography
Acetonitrile yog ib qho hnyav uas siv hauv cov pa roj chromatography cais thiab txheeb xyuas cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig.
6. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj
Acetonitrile yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, vitamins, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dyes thiab pigments.
Risks and Hazards Associated with Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile yog ib yam tshuaj lom thiab muaj kev phom sij uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Qee qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog acetonitrile suav nrog:
- Mob toxicity: Acetonitrile yog tshuaj lom yog tias noj, nqus pa, lossis nqus los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, thiab ntuav. Kev raug mob hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau coma lossis tuag taus.
- tawv nqaij khaus: Acetonitrile tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij khaus, liab, thiab kub hnyiab. Kev raug mob ntev tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij rhiab heev thiab dermatitis.
- Qhov muag khaus: Acetonitrile tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag khaus, liab, thiab mob. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob txha puas thiab ua rau qhov muag tsis pom.
- Flammability: Acetonitrile yog flammable thiab tuaj yeem ignite ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm tshav kub, sparks, thiab qhib nplaim taws.
- Kev phom sij ib puag ncig: Acetonitrile tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau ib puag ncig yog tias nws nkag mus rau hauv dej lossis av. Nws yog tshuaj lom rau cov dej hauv lub neej thiab tuaj yeem ua paug rau hauv av.
Xaus
Acetonitrile yog ib qho hnyav hnyav uas siv ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, polymer, thiab electroplating. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj rho tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj yog tshuaj lom thiab txaus ntshai thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.
